Australian Culture

Contemporary Australian Identity

Contemporary Australian identity reflects its multicultural makeup, drawing from this diverse mix of cultural influences, while developing uniquely Australian characteristics. Key aspects of Australian identity include notions of:

Egalitarianism. A core principle that emphasises equality and shapes interaction in Australia. Australian egalitarianism is the belief that everyone deserves a ‘fair go’ regardless of background.

Mateship. A cornerstone of Australian values, mateship is a deep sense of loyalty to friends and willingness to help others.

Humility. Humility is admired in Australia, where boasting is not well regarded and achievements often downplayed. In fact, Australians tend to be sceptical of those who appear boastful or superior.

Informality. Informality is characteristic of Australian culture, which is seen in casual language, relaxed dress codes, and egalitarian social interactions.

Understanding Australian social norms and communication styles can help international visitors navigate social situations with ease.

Australian Values

Australian’s values are based on freedom, respect, fairness, and equality of opportunity as a means of creating an inclusive, fair, and welcoming environment.

Australian values include:

• Respect for the freedom and dignity of the individual
• Freedom of religion (including the right not to follow any religion), freedom of speech, and freedom of association
• Commitment to the rule of law, meaning everyone is accountable under the law
• A parliamentary democracy where laws are made by elected representatives, and these laws take precedence over any conflicting religious or secular laws
• Equality of opportunity for all, regardless of gender, sexual orientation, age, disability, race, or national or ethnic background
• A ‘fair go’ for everyone, which embraces:
  > Mutual respect
  > Tolerance
  > Compassion for those in need
  > Equality of opportunity for all
• Recognition of English as the national language

Communication

Australians are generally known for their:

• Directness: Australians tend to be straightforward and “say what they mean.” They tend to speak very honestly yet with reasonable sensitivity.
• Informality: Most social interactions are casual, with first names commonly used even in professional settings. One’s status or position is not easily apparent by appearance.
• Humour: Australian humor is often self-deprecating, ironic, and sceptical of authority. Australians are willing to mock themselves and their own country, have significant appreciation for the underdog, and enjoy good-natured teasing.
• Self-Deprecation / “Tall Poppy Syndrome”: Australians tend to criticize or downplay individuals who stand out or achieve notable success as a way of emphasising values of humility, honesty, and informality.
• Eye Contact: Holding eye contact is considered a marker of sincerity and trustworthiness.

Social Etiquette

Some practical etiquette guidelines include:

• Greetings: A firm handshake and direct eye contact are typical. Close friends might greet with a hug or kiss on the cheek.
• Personal space: Australians generally maintain a comfortable distance in conversation (approximately arm’s length).
• Conversation: Personal finances, politics, and religion are usually avoided in casual conversation with the general public, as Australians prioritise personal privacy and respect for diverse viewpoints.
• Punctuality: Social gatherings may be flexible in timing, though business meetings typically start on time.
• Tipping: Not obligatory as service staff receive regulated wages.
• Queuing: Orderly lines are expected, and “queue-jumping” is frowned upon.